𝐊𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐊 12. 𝐎𝐁𝐋𝐈𝐆𝐀𝐒𝐈 𝐒𝐘𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐇

                  𝐎𝐁𝐋𝐈𝐆𝐀𝐒𝐈 𝐒𝐘𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐇

        𝙼𝚎𝚗𝚞𝚛𝚞𝚝 𝚏𝚊𝚝𝚠𝚊 𝙳𝚂𝙽 𝙾𝚋𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚊𝚜𝚒 𝚜𝚢𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚑 𝚊𝚝𝚊𝚞 𝚜𝚞𝚔𝚞𝚔 𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚕𝚊𝚑 𝚜𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚝 𝚋𝚎𝚛𝚑𝚊𝚛𝚐𝚊 𝚓𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚔𝚊 𝚙𝚊𝚗𝚓𝚊𝚗𝚐 𝚋𝚎𝚛𝚍𝚊𝚜𝚊𝚛𝚔𝚊𝚗 𝚙𝚛𝚒𝚗𝚜𝚒𝚙 𝚜𝚢𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚑 𝚢𝚊𝚗𝚐 𝚍𝚒𝚔𝚎𝚕𝚞𝚊𝚛𝚔𝚊𝚗 𝚎𝚖𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚗 𝚔𝚎𝚙𝚊𝚍𝚊 𝚙𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚐𝚊𝚗𝚐 𝚘𝚋𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚊𝚜𝚒 𝚜𝚢𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚑 𝚢𝚊𝚗𝚐 𝚖𝚎𝚠𝚊𝚓𝚒𝚋𝚔𝚊𝚗 𝚎𝚖𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚗 𝚞𝚗𝚝𝚞𝚔 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚊𝚢𝚊𝚛 𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚊𝚙𝚊𝚝𝚊𝚗 𝚙𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚐𝚊𝚗𝚐 𝚘𝚋𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚊𝚜𝚒 𝚜𝚢𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚑 𝚋𝚎𝚛𝚞𝚙𝚊 𝚋𝚊𝚐𝚒 𝚑𝚊𝚜𝚒𝚕 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚝𝚊 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚊𝚢𝚊𝚛 𝚔𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚊𝚕𝚒 𝚍𝚊𝚗𝚊 𝚘𝚋𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚊𝚜𝚒 𝚙𝚊𝚍𝚊 𝚜𝚊𝚊𝚝 𝚓𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚑 𝚝𝚎𝚖𝚙𝚘.[1]

 

𝚔𝚊𝚛𝚊𝚔𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚔 𝚜𝚞𝚔𝚞𝚔 𝚢𝚊𝚒𝚝𝚞

1. 𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚞𝚙𝚊𝚔𝚊𝚗 𝚋𝚞𝚔𝚝𝚒 𝚔𝚎𝚙𝚎𝚖𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚔𝚊𝚗 𝚜𝚞𝚊𝚝𝚞 𝚊𝚜𝚎𝚝, 𝚑𝚊𝚔 𝚖𝚊𝚗𝚏𝚊𝚊𝚝, 𝚓𝚊𝚜𝚊 𝚊𝚝𝚊𝚞 𝚔𝚎𝚐𝚒𝚊𝚝𝚊𝚗 𝚒𝚗𝚟𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚜𝚒 𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚞

2. 𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚊𝚙𝚊𝚝𝚊𝚗 𝚢𝚊𝚗𝚐 𝚍𝚒𝚋𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚔𝚊𝚗 𝚋𝚎𝚛𝚞𝚙𝚊 𝚒𝚖𝚋𝚊𝚕𝚊𝚗, 𝚖𝚊𝚛𝚐𝚒𝚗, 𝚋𝚊𝚐𝚒 𝚑𝚊𝚜𝚒𝚕, 𝚜𝚎𝚜𝚞𝚊𝚒 𝚍𝚎𝚗𝚐𝚊𝚗 𝚓𝚎𝚗𝚒𝚜 𝚊𝚔𝚊𝚍 𝚢𝚊𝚗𝚐 𝚍𝚒𝚕𝚊𝚔𝚞𝚔𝚊𝚗 𝚍𝚊𝚕𝚊𝚖 𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚋𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚗.

3. 𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚋𝚎𝚋𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚊𝚛𝚒 𝚞𝚗𝚜𝚞𝚛 𝚛𝚒𝚋𝚊, 𝚐𝚊𝚛𝚊𝚛, 𝚍𝚊𝚗 𝚖𝚊𝚢𝚜𝚒𝚛

4. 𝙼𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚕𝚞𝚔𝚊𝚗 𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚗𝚢𝚊 𝚞𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚛𝚕𝚢𝚗𝚐 𝚊𝚜𝚎𝚝 𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚋𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚗.

5. 𝙿𝚎𝚗𝚐𝚐𝚞𝚗𝚊𝚊𝚗 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚌𝚎𝚍 𝚑𝚊𝚛𝚞𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚜𝚞𝚊𝚒 𝚍𝚎𝚗𝚐𝚊𝚗 𝚙𝚛𝚒𝚗𝚜𝚒𝚙 𝚜𝚢𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚑.

 

𝚔𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚗 𝚍𝚊𝚕𝚊𝚖 𝚔𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚔 𝚜𝚞𝚔𝚞𝚔 𝚢𝚊𝚒𝚝𝚞

1. 𝙷𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚊

2. 𝙰𝚔𝚊𝚍

3. 𝙿𝚒𝚑𝚊𝚔 𝚢𝚊𝚗𝚐 𝚋𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚔𝚊𝚍

4. 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚊 𝚙𝚎𝚕𝚊𝚔𝚜𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚊𝚗 𝚊𝚔𝚊𝚍

 

𝙹𝚎𝚗𝚒𝚜-𝚓𝚎𝚗𝚒𝚜 𝚘𝚋𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚊𝚜𝚒 𝚜𝚢𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚑

1. 𝚂𝚞𝚔𝚞𝚔 𝚖𝚞𝚍𝚑𝚊𝚛𝚊𝚋𝚊𝚑

2. 𝚜𝚞𝚔𝚞𝚔 𝚒𝚓𝚊𝚛𝚊𝚑

3. 𝚜𝚞𝚔𝚞𝚔 𝚖𝚞𝚜𝚢𝚊𝚛𝚊𝚔𝚊𝚑

4. 𝚜𝚞𝚔𝚞𝚔 𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚜𝚗𝚊'

5. 𝚜𝚞𝚔𝚞𝚔 𝚜𝚊𝚕𝚊𝚖[2]

 

𝚔𝚎𝚐𝚞𝚗𝚊𝚊𝚗 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚔 𝚜𝚞𝚔𝚞𝚔

1. 𝚒𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚖𝚎𝚗 𝚙𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚒𝚊𝚢𝚊𝚊𝚗

2. 𝚙𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚒𝚊𝚢𝚊𝚊𝚗 𝚏𝚒𝚛𝚖𝚊

3. 𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚜𝚊𝚜𝚒 𝚏𝚒𝚜𝚔𝚊𝚕

4. 𝚒𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚖𝚎𝚗 𝚒𝚗𝚟𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚜𝚒

 

𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚜𝚎𝚍𝚞𝚛 𝚖𝚎𝚕𝚊𝚔𝚞𝚔𝚊𝚗 𝚒𝚗𝚟𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚜𝚒 𝚘𝚋𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚊𝚜𝚒 𝚢𝚊𝚒𝚝𝚞

1. 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚞𝚔𝚊 𝚛𝚎𝚔𝚎𝚗𝚒𝚗𝚐

2. 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚊𝚑𝚊𝚖𝚒 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚔 𝚘𝚋𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚊𝚜𝚒

3. 𝚖𝚎𝚕𝚊𝚔𝚞𝚔𝚊𝚗 𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚜𝚒

4. 𝚖𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚔𝚊𝚗 𝚊𝚖𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚝 𝚋𝚎𝚕𝚒

5. 𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚢𝚒𝚊𝚙𝚔𝚊𝚗 𝚍𝚊𝚗𝚊 

6. 𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚢𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚜𝚊𝚒𝚔𝚊𝚗 𝚙𝚎𝚖𝚊𝚋𝚊𝚢𝚊𝚛𝚊𝚗 𝚘𝚋𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚊𝚜𝚒

 

𝚙𝚒𝚑𝚊𝚔-𝚙𝚒𝚑𝚊𝚔 𝚢𝚊𝚗𝚐 𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚕𝚒𝚋𝚊𝚝 𝚍𝚊𝚕𝚊𝚖 𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚋𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚗 𝚜𝚞𝚔𝚞𝚔

1. 𝚘𝚋𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚘𝚛

2. 𝚂𝚅𝙵 ( 𝚂𝚙𝚎𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚕 𝙿𝚞𝚛𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚎 𝚅𝚎𝚑𝚒𝚜𝚕𝚎 )

3. 𝚒𝚗𝚟𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚛[3]

 

---

[1] Mardani, Hukum Bisnis syariah, (Jakarta : Prenamidia, 2017), hlm. 150.

[2] Taufik Hidayat, Buku Investasi Syariah, (Jakarta : mediakita, 2011), hlm. 114.

[3] Ahmad ifham, Ekonomi syariah ( Jakarta : Garamedia Pustaka Utama, 2010), hlm,799.

                   𝐃𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐀𝐑 𝐏𝐔𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐊𝐀

𝙼𝚊𝚛𝚍𝚊𝚗𝚒, 2017, 𝙷𝚞𝚔𝚞𝚖 𝙱𝚒𝚜𝚗𝚒𝚜                                𝚂𝚢𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚑 ( 𝙹𝚊𝚔𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚊 :                                    𝙿𝚛𝚎𝚗𝚊𝚖𝚎𝚍𝚒𝚊).

𝙷𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚢𝚊𝚝. 𝚃𝚊𝚞𝚏𝚒𝚔, 2011, 𝙱𝚞𝚔𝚞                                𝙸𝚗𝚟𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚜𝚒 𝚂𝚢𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚑 ( 𝙹𝚊𝚔𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚊 :               𝙼𝚎𝚍𝚒𝚊 𝙺𝚒𝚝𝚊).

𝙸𝚏𝚑𝚊𝚖 𝙰𝚑𝚖𝚊𝚍, 2010, 𝙴𝚔𝚘𝚗𝚘𝚖𝚒 𝚜𝚢𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚊𝚑,                (𝙹𝚊𝚔𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚊 : 𝙶𝚛𝚊𝚖𝚎𝚍𝚒𝚊 𝙿𝚞𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚔𝚊                   𝚞𝚝𝚊𝚖𝚊).